![]() This ocean is home to different species of the earth. The Atlantic Ocean is regarded as the world’s second shallowest ocean. It has a surface circulation that is semiannually reversing. In the deep-sea floor, the organic matter reaches as faecal pellets and in the bottom layer, it eventually gets oxidised. This suggests that even in great depths, organic matter oxidation is incomplete. In the deepwater of the Indian Ocean, nitrogen and phosphorus are found in significant amounts. Net flux of carbon dioxide from sea to atmosphere is present on the surface of Indian Ocean more than in the atmosphere. ![]() 10% contribution of global marine denitrification is possible from the North Indian Ocean. In the Indian Ocean, water balance is negative but in some areas such as in the Bay of Bengal, the balance is positive. The annual river runoff is 2000 cubic kilometres. It covers an approximately one-fifth area of the world. The Indian Ocean is bounded by Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Iran in the North, Australia, Indonesia, Malay Peninsula, and Sunda Island in the East, Africa and the Arabian Peninsula in the west and the Southern Ocean to the south. ![]() Sunlight in the sea cannot reach beyond half a mile. Growth of phytoplankton under the sea is controlled by the amount of sunlight reaching under the water. Marine organisms are highly impacted by the physical features of the underwater. Different mammals such as sea otters, dugongs, various fish such as salmon, and so on survive in the Pacific ocean. In the North Pacific, the ocean temperature is higher than in the South Pacific. Temperature of the Pacific Ocean has risen due to climate changes that affect marine life. It has a natural depth of about 4,280 metres.Ĭhemical, as well as biological processes, resulting in the development of metal-bearing coatings around fish ear bones and other such objects. Its freezing point is -1.4 degrees centigrade. The Pacific Ocean consists of highly varied topography which involves ocean ridges, trenches with long seamount chains which are developed by hotspot volcanoes found under the surface of the Earth. Several features make this ocean unique from others: It surrounds the continents of Asia and parts of Australia and America. The Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean on the earth as compared to other oceans and is also regarded as the largest ocean. Different characteristics of Pacific Oceans Water column’s community is separated into two ecological groups, namely, plankton and nekton. These are known as pelagic zones and benthic zones. The major biotopes in seawater are the water column and the bottom. The major constituents of seawater vary with different oceans due to which the temperature, density, pressure, and other physical features of oceans are different in different oceans. Viscosity and density of seawater also depend on salinity. Seawater’s molecular structure leads to the formation of chemical bonds among molecules. A combination of chemical as well as physical properties forms the characteristics of ocean water. Oceans that have more saline water undergo slow freezing as compared to oceans that have less salinity. Ocean water’s freezing point also relies on salinity. This determines physical features of oceans such as temperature and it impacts marine organisms. Salinity in the ocean refers to the ratio of dissolved materials’ weight and sample sea waters’ weight. About 99% of sea salts are formed by these ions. Ocean water consists of different ions such as chloride, sodium, sulphate, phosphate, and so on. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Oceans These unique characteristics are described here. Oceans are home to thousands of species and hence, it is important to consider their features. High temperatures increase surface water salinity. ![]() Salinity is an important attribute as it controls evaporation, precipitation of seawater apart from temperature. Some of the unique attributes of the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean are covered here and these characteristics highly impact marine life. Each of the characteristics varies with the oceans of the world. Physical, chemical, as well as biological characteristics, make up some of the important features of ocean water.
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